Nevertheless, we continue to develop new technical means to track surveillance abuses, such as new techniques of network and device analysis. The shift towards zero-click attacks by an industry and customers already steeped in secrecy increases the likelihood of abuse going undetected. Even if they do observe something like “weird” call behavior, the event may be transient and not leave any traces on the device. However, it is more challenging for researchers to track these zero-click attacks because targets may not notice anything suspicious on their phone. Fortunately, in this case, WhatsApp notified targets. The 2019 WhatsApp breach, where at least 1,400 phones were targeted via an exploit sent through a missed voice call, is one example of such a shift. More recently, NSO Group is shifting towards zero-click exploits and network-based attacks that allow its government clients to break into phones without any interaction from the target, and without leaving any visible traces. Targets could not only notice these suspicious messages, but they could also search their message history to detect evidence of hacking attempts. The use of malicious links in SMSes made it possible for investigators and targets to quickly identify evidence of past targeting. This method was used by NSO Group customers to target Ahmed Mansoor, dozens of members of civil society in Mexico, and political dissidents targeted by Saudi Arabia, among others. Pegasus became known for the telltale malicious links sent to targets via SMS for many years. The company is a prolific seller of surveillance technology to governments around the world, and its products have been regularly linked to surveillance abuses.
NSO Group’s Pegasus spyware is a mobile phone surveillance solution that enables customers to remotely exploit and monitor devices. We have shared our findings with Apple and they have confirmed to us they are looking into the issue.Infrastructure used in these attacks included servers in Germany, France, UK, and Italy using cloud providers Aruba, Choopa, CloudSigma, and DigitalOcean.Given the global reach of NSO Group’s customer base and the apparent vulnerability of almost all iPhone devices prior to the iOS 14 update, we suspect that the infections that we observed were a miniscule fraction of the total attacks leveraging this exploit.
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All iOS device owners should immediately update to the latest version of the operating system. We do not believe that KISMET works against iOS 14 and above, which includes new security protections.The journalists were hacked by four Pegasus operators, including one operator MONARCHY that we attribute to Saudi Arabia, and one operator SNEAKY KESTREL that we attribute to the United Arab Emirates.
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The personal phone of a journalist at London-based Al Araby TV was also hacked. In July and August 2020, government operatives used NSO Group’s Pegasus spyware to hack 36 personal phones belonging to journalists, producers, anchors, and executives at Al Jazeera.
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Download this report Summary & Key Findings
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